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افتح التطبيقالوصف
Abramis brama, commonly known as the Bream, is a widespread freshwater fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae. It is characterized by its deep, laterally compressed body, often described as 'disc-shaped' in larger specimens. The species is known for its schooling behavior and bottom-feeding habits, playing a significant ecological role in the benthic food web of its native habitats. Adults typically exhibit a bronze to golden-brown coloration, becoming darker with age, while juveniles are silvery. They are a popular target for recreational anglers across Europe.
الخصائص الجسدية
- شكل الجسم
- compressed
- التلوين
- Adults are typically bronze to golden-brown on the back and flanks, fading to a yellowish-white or silvery belly. Older specimens can be quite dark, almost blackish-brown. Juveniles are silvery. Fins are generally dusky or greyish.
- نوع القشور
- cycloid
- موضع الفم
- subterminal
- السمات المميزة
- Deep, laterally compressed body, often with a high back., Small, downward-pointing (subterminal) mouth, adapted for bottom feeding., Long anal fin, typically with 23-30 branched rays., Absence of barbels., Large, easily detached scales.
- الزعنفة الظهرية
- Short, high, with 3 unbranched and 8-9 branched rays. Origin is posterior to the pelvic fin origin.
- الزعنفة الذيلية
- Deeply forked, with the lower lobe often slightly longer than the upper.
- الزعنفة الصدرية
- Relatively long, reaching or nearly reaching the pelvic fin origin.
- الزعانف المميزة
- The anal fin is notably long, extending from behind the dorsal fin almost to the caudal peduncle.
نصائح التعرف
Body Shape
Look for a very deep, flattened body. The depth of the body is typically 2.5 to 3.5 times its standard length in adults.
Mouth
Observe the small, protractile, subterminal mouth, which is characteristic of its bottom-feeding habit.
Fins
Note the exceptionally long anal fin (23-30 branched rays) and the relatively short dorsal fin (8-9 branched rays). The dorsal fin origin is behind the pelvic fin origin.
Coloration
Adults are bronze to golden-brown, while juveniles are silvery. This changes with age and habitat.
Scales
The scales are large and often easily detached when handled.
الموطن
- نوع المياه
- freshwater
- العمق
- Typically found in shallow to moderate depths (1-10 meters), but can occur deeper in large lakes.
- البيئة
- Prefers slow-flowing or still waters such as large rivers, canals, lakes, reservoirs, and ponds. Thrives in eutrophic (nutrient-rich) conditions with muddy or silty bottoms and abundant aquatic vegetation. Tolerant of low oxygen levels.
- النطاق الجغرافي
- Widespread across Europe, from the British Isles and Scandinavia (south of 62°N) eastward to the Ural Mountains and the Caspian Sea basin. Also introduced in some parts of Siberia and North America.
معلومات الحوض
- مستوى الرعاية: advanced
- المزاج: peaceful
- النظام الغذائي: omnivore
- الحد الأدنى لحجم الحوض: Not suitable for typical home aquariums due to large size and schooling needs (requires very large, specialized public aquaria or ponds).
- درجة الحرارة: 4-25°C (39-77°F)
- مستوى pH: 6.0-8.0
- القساوة: 5-25 dGH
- التوافق: Compatible with other large, peaceful coldwater fish species in appropriate environments. Not suitable for community tanks with smaller fish.
- متطلبات خاصة: Requires very large volumes of water, excellent filtration, and a soft substrate for foraging. Best kept in large outdoor ponds or specialized public aquaria. Schooling species, so multiple individuals are necessary.
معلومات برية
- حالة الحفظ: least concern
- الموسمية: Spawns in spring (April-June) when water temperatures reach 15-20°C. Active year-round, but feeding activity decreases in colder months.
- سعر السوق: Low to moderate, primarily for local consumption or bait.
- الأهمية التجارية: medium
- المذاق: Mild, somewhat earthy, can be bony.
- القوام: Flaky, soft.
- طرق الطهي: Frying, Baking, Smoking, Stewing
- القيمة الغذائية: Good source of protein, low in fat. Contains Omega-3 fatty acids.
حقائق رئيسية
Bream's Kissbehavior
During spawning, male bream develop prominent nuptial tubercles (breeding warts) on their heads and bodies, which are used in courtship and territorial displays.
Bottom Feeder Extraordinairebehavior
Bream are highly adapted for bottom feeding, using their protractile mouths to suck up invertebrates and detritus from the substrate. They often create characteristic 'bream pits' or depressions in the mud as they forage.
Long-Lived Fishrecord
Abramis brama can live for a considerable time, with individuals recorded living up to 20-25 years in optimal conditions.
Hybridizationinteresting
Bream are known to readily hybridize with other cyprinid species, particularly Roach (Rutilus rutilus) and Silver Bream (Blicca bjoerkna), leading to fertile offspring that can sometimes make identification challenging.
Ecological Engineerbehavior
Due to their intensive bottom-feeding activities, large schools of bream can significantly disturb sediments, increasing water turbidity and nutrient release, thereby influencing the entire aquatic ecosystem.
معلومات السلامة
آمن- مستوى السلامة: safe
- سام: لا
- قابلية الأكل: edible
- ملاحظات التعامل: Bream are generally harmless to handle. Their scales can be easily dislodged, so handle gently if releasing. No sharp spines or venomous glands. Standard fish handling precautions apply (e.g., wet hands to protect slime coat).
أنواع مشابهة
Silver Bream
Blicca bjoerkna
The Silver Bream has larger eyes relative to its head size, a shorter anal fin (19-22 branched rays), and typically more silvery coloration even as an adult. Its pectoral fins are reddish at the base, unlike the dusky fins of Abramis brama. The dorsal fin origin is directly above or slightly anterior to the pelvic fin origin.
White Bream
Blicca bjoerkna
Same as Silver Bream. 'White Bream' is another common name for Blicca bjoerkna.
Common Carp
Cyprinus carpio
Common Carp possess two pairs of prominent barbels around their mouth, which Bream lack entirely. Carp also have a much longer dorsal fin base and a more robust, less laterally compressed body shape.
Roach
Rutilus rutilus
Roach have red eyes, a more slender body shape, and a terminal mouth. Their dorsal fin origin is typically directly above the pelvic fin origin, and their anal fin is much shorter than that of the Bream.
التصنيف العلمي
- المملكة
- Animalia
- الشعبة
- Chordata
- الصف
- Actinopterygii
- الرتبة
- Cypriniformes
- الفصيلة
- Cyprinidae
- الجنس
- Abramis
- النوع
- Abramis brama
استكشف Bream
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